Metropolitan Cathedral

The One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church:
An Afrocentric Perspective within the African Episcopal Church

Abstract
This exposé explores the theological concept of the Church as “one, holy, catholic, and apostolic” from an Afrocentric perspective within the African Episcopal Church (AEC). By drawing on scriptural foundations, African theological reflections, and the historical experiences of African Christianity, the study emphasizes the unique ways these marks of the Church are embodied in the AEC. It highlights the distinct cultural expressions and interpretations that enrich the global understanding of the universal Church’s identity.

Introduction
The Nicene Creed’s affirmation of “one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church” has significantly influenced Christian ecclesiology. While traditionally associated with the Roman Catholic Church, these marks also manifest uniquely within the African Episcopal Church (AEC). This article delves into the Afrocentric interpretation of these attributes, exploring their expression in the African context. By examining scriptural texts, African theological perspectives, and the lived experiences of African Christians, the study offers an enriched understanding of the Church’s universal nature.

The Scriptural Foundation
The New Testament provides the foundation for the Church’s unity, holiness, catholicity, and apostolicity. The concept of the Church as “one” is rooted in Jesus’ prayer for unity among his followers: “that they may all be one, as you, Father, are in me and I in you” (John 17:21, NRSV). In the AEC, this unity is understood as a communal bond, reflecting the African philosophy of ubuntu, which emphasizes interconnectedness and mutual respect.

Holiness, as described in Paul’s writings, speaks to the Church’s calling to be set apart and sanctified: “sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints” (1 Corinthians 1:2, NRSV). The AEC views holiness not only as spiritual purity but also as social justice, rooted in the biblical call to “let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream” (Amos 5:24, NRSV).

The term “catholic” conveys the Church’s universality, as indicated by Christ’s command to “make disciples of all nations” (Matthew 28:19-20). For the AEC, catholicity involves embracing the rich cultural diversity of the African continent and diaspora, celebrating the unique contributions of African heritage to the global Christian tradition. Apostolicity, grounded in the Church’s foundation upon the apostles, is emphasized in the AEC through the continuity of apostolic teachings and the leadership of African bishops who safeguard the faith.

Historical and Theological Perspectives
The African Church has a rich history that predates European colonialism, with early Christian communities in North Africa, such as in Alexandria and Carthage. These communities played a crucial role in shaping early Christian thought. St. Augustine of Hippo, one of the most influential Church Fathers, asserted the importance of the Church’s unity: “Let us seek Him in the Church; let us seek Him in the body of Christ; let us seek Him in the people of God; let us seek Him in the Catholic Church” (Augustine, Sermon 162C, 15).

In contemporary times, African theologians have emphasized an enculturated understanding of the faith, integrating African spirituality and cultural practices with Christian doctrine. John Mbiti, a prominent African theologian, stated, “Christianity in Africa is not a matter of belonging to an organization, but being a part of the community of God’s people” (Mbiti, African Religions and Philosophy, 1969). This communal aspect resonates with the AEC’s emphasis on unity and catholicity, as it affirms the universality of the Church while respecting cultural particularities.

Holiness in the AEC is closely linked with liberation theology, which seeks to address social injustices and empower marginalized communities. The AEC has been at the forefront of advocating for human rights, drawing inspiration from the prophetic tradition of speaking truth to power. Desmond Tutu, an iconic figure in the struggle against apartheid, exemplified this commitment to holiness as justice, declaring, “If you are neutral in situations of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor” (Tutu, No Future Without Forgiveness, 1999).

The AEC’s apostolicity is rooted in a commitment to preserving the faith handed down from the apostles, contextualized within the African experience. The Church’s leadership structure, with its emphasis on the episcopacy, mirrors the early Church’s governance, ensuring continuity and fidelity to apostolic teachings.

Contemporary Reflections
In the contemporary African context, the AEC continues to embody the marks of the Church in dynamic and contextual ways. The AEC’s approach to unity is not merely structural but deeply relational, emphasizing communal harmony and reconciliation. The Church’s holiness is expressed in a holistic spirituality that integrates prayer, worship, and social action. Catholicity is celebrated through vibrant liturgies, incorporating African music, dance, and art, showcasing the richness of African culture. Apostolicity is maintained through robust theological education and the prophetic witness of the Church in society.

Conclusion
The African Episcopal Church’s understanding of the Church as “one, holy, catholic, and apostolic” offers a unique and valuable perspective within the global Christian tradition. By emphasizing unity, justice, cultural diversity, and apostolic continuity, the AEC enriches the broader ecclesiological discourse. The Church’s mission in Africa and the diaspora continues to reflect the dynamic and evolving nature of the universal Body of Christ, embodying the gospel in ways that resonate deeply with African realities and spiritualities.

References

  • Augustine. (1990). Sermons, (J.E. Rotelle, Ed.; E. Hill, Trans.). New City Press.
  • Mbiti, J. (1969). African Religions and Philosophy. Heinemann.
  • Tutu, D. (1999). No Future Without Forgiveness. Doubleday.
  • The Holy Bible, New Revised Standard Version.